Skills Gap Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abilities Gap - Article Example The work power is enduring a lot. Nonetheless, Murphy (2014) demonstrates that the answer for abilities hole lies in the possession of the whole society. In the occasion that preparation programs are imagined, the abilities emergency will be settled a lot. Furthermore, serious wages can be paid to the laborers as a method of inspiring them. The legislature can likewise interface up with junior colleges in an undertaking to give them reserves that can help make a talented workforce for the current day requesting market (Murphy, 2014). Preceding finishing their investigations, school studies can be caught up in the market so as they can accomplish the normal abilities before getting completely retained. These understudies will likewise be bestowed with the correct abilities that are expected of their vocations. Murphy (2014) contends that a great deal of vocation manufacturers are careful about the current aptitudes hole. The insights of these vocation developers remain at 80% however 50% of these experts couldn't care less much about the current issue (Murphy, 2014). A great deal of bosses have come about to being finicky while recruiting workers. The work gauges have ascended with the desire for getting the best people for the correct sort of business. With the numerous necessities accumulating on the work areas of numerous administrators, the aptitudes hole is probably going to increment with the day (Murphy, 2014). In any case, with heaps of bosses neglecting to make due with a lesser up-and-comer, the way toward employing is likewise liable to get increasingly convoluted with the day. The rationale of the abilities hole is for sure genuine. Indeed, even with numerous business people thinking about the reality as a dream, it is obvious that a great deal should be finished in regards to the issue (Murphy, 2014). It is suggested that organizations take the start of overcoming any issues that exists in the work power. Rather than arranging of the inadequacy of the representatives, the directors may pick to recruit laborers at that point start preparing programs that will enable the laborers to have any kind of effect in the work showcase

The effects of birth control essays

The impacts of anti-conception medication expositions Todays lady has many anti-conception medication choices that permit her to arrange for whether she has kids, when she has kids, and the age distinction between her kids. This paper is planned as an outline of accessible choices about picking an anti-conception medication strategy that matches the physical, passionate and way of life needs. I for one feel that the pill is an astounding, moderate, 99.5% viable strategy for anti-conception medication. As per Contraceptive Technology, mix pills are around 99.9 percent viable whenever utilized splendidly. This means one of every 1,000 ladies taking the Pill will get pregnant in the time of a year. In actuality, use, around 3 percent of clients get pregnant in the course of a year Statistics express this is ordinarily because of missing at least one pills. Be that as it may, two things that ought to be recalled. Insights are not everythingthe best type of birth control is the one you will utilize accurately and reliably. Oral contraceptives give no insurance from explicitly transmitted maladies, for example, HIV. So if that is a worry, you ought to join the Pill with condoms for a fantastic blend! At any phase of life, a lady may locate that one technique for anti-conception medication suits her needs superior to other people. Intermittent survey of accessible anti-conception medication alternatives will help guarantee in pick a strategy that best meets your present way of life. A few elements to consider that may be significant incorporate strategy viability, permanency, accommodation and security against explicitly A few inquiries that I have are, the way protected and viable is the strategy, will the technique influence my sex drive or my accomplices sex drive, is there an age at which I should quit utilizing hormone-based contraceptives, will the anti-conception medication technique influence my capacity to have kids in the future, what are my anti-conception medication alternatives in the event that I am breastfeeding, what anti-conception medication strategy would you ... <!

The Local Citation Building FAQ

The Local Citation Building FAQ Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Local Citation Building FAQUpdated On 09/01/2018Author : HBB Editorial StaffTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2CJdhVX CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogCitations are a fantastic way to give your local-based website a nice boost on Google. However, since building these citations can take a lot of your precious time, you may be thinking about hiring a professional company to do the work for you.If you want help with citations, its important that youre choosing the right company to do the work for you. If you fail to choose the right one, your listings could look blah or you may be dealing with a company that submits to some lousy websites that wont do you any good.To make sure youre making the right choice, here are some questions you should ask any company that is interested in building your citations:What do you charge?In the citation world, you dont want to be too cheap. If the company quotes less than $2 per citation, then this a large red flag. Paying for cheap citations will often mean sloppy work that youre not going to be happy with, and it could also mean youre dealing with someone from overseas who is hard to communicate with.Who picks out the citations?There are a lot of websites out there that youd probably love to see your website on. The problem with some citation builders is that they only stick to their list and nothing else. If you have some other websites in mind, ask them if they are able to add them to their list. If they are, thats great; however if they wont, then this could mean they are using automated software, which is something you will want to avoid.Where do you submit?If you dont feel like submitting or researching citation websites, ask them for a list of the websites they are going to submit your website to. If the websites on the list are places you have heard of, thats a good thing; however, if you have only heard of 10 percent of the companies, then its probably not even worth paying the company. Just like building quality links, you will want to have citations coming from top-notch companies. SearchEngineLand.com put together some of the best citation websites online.READ4 Examples of Awesome User Generated Content CampaignsHow do you plan on handling extensive websites?Some citation websites will make you claim your listing before you can submit any information. Since this can be harder than other websites, youre going to want to know how they are going to handle this situation. A good company wont be able to do this job for you; however, they will be able to show you a step-by-step guide on how you can verify your listing.What do I need to do?Some companies will just submit your information, while others may go above and beyond. When the company is done adding your citations, ask them what youre going to need to do. Since this company wont come back and edit the listings for f ree, they may be able to give you some pointers to keep your citations in good standing.What about my local market?There are thousands of citations that focus on a certain niche. For example, HomeAdvisor.com is a large website that focuses on the home improvement industry. Ask the company if they are able to go outside of their core citations and help build citations that focus solely on your niche. Today, Google places a large emphasis on links that come from relevant sources.How many are you going to do?Like building links, building citations isnt about the numbers, but rather, its about the quality and the traffic that particular website is going to send you. Like the pricing, dont worry about the numbers. One good citation is going to be better than 20 that you never heard of. Ultimately, youre going to want to find out how many citations they are going to be able to successfully get you.When youre thinking about hiring an outside service to build your citations, be sure to keep these questions in mind. By asking the right questions, youll be on the path to having the best citations a local business can have.

The Natural World And The Feminine - 1604 Words

The natural world and the feminine; what do these have in common? The existential link of women and nature has existed in many cultures through themes of nurture and the creation of life. The natural world and women are both inhibited by the patriarchal ideology of past and present societies. One can draw comparisons to the struggles of women and the modern crisis of global warming, as both are affected by the notion that man is the center of the world in that all things are created to be used by men. It ties into the idea that men are conquerors of their surroundings versus the idea of women as nurturing their surroundings and placing higher value on the connection with nature and the world. Entrenched patriarchal values in society resort to the exploitation of both women and the overuse and disrespect of the natural world, as they are inherently linked through science, religion, psychology, and metaphor. In ecofeminist literature, the writers often establish that women and nature are linked because they are viewed as mechanical instruments to be used by men. For example, in Val Plumwood’s â€Å"Ecofeminism: An Overview and Discussion of Positions and Arguments† she argues that â€Å"[women and nature] have been valued either entirely or mainly in terms of their usefulness to others† (Plumwood 120) which has led to exploitation and manipulation of nature and women. By making this comparison, the use of nature and women for male gain is clear in that both are resources for men toShow MoreRelatedThe Body And Reproduction Of Femininity1559 Words   |  7 PagesIn the western world, concepts of gender have historically been divided into two parts: masculinity and femininity. At birth we are labelled male or female and treated accordingly by our parents and society. Masculinity is seen as strong, confident and dominant and femininity is seen as being white, thin and young. Hegemonic femininity is seen as the model of what it means to be a female and society sets this standard that all women are meant to embody. These specific characteristics â€Å"represent†Read MoreWomen s Influence On Women1288 Words   |  6 PagesMakeup is very important in the way people perceive women. Society in the 1900s to today has made makeup a necessity for a woman to be considered feminine. Cosmetics were first used in America in 1888 by an unknown inventor from Philadelphia, and were trademarked under the name Mumm. During the early years of the 20th century, makeup became fashionable in the United States of America and Europe owing to the influence of ballet and theatre stars (Chaudhri and Jain 2.) Makeup began to flourish in AmericaRead MoreCodes Of Gender And Gender1073 Words   |  5 Pagesare commercialization. The way the female is displaying herself such as clothing, standing (pose), behavior, hair, and movement. 2. What does Sut Jhally mean when he says that there is nothing natural about gender identity? (5 points) What Sut Jhally means when he says that there is nothing natural about gender identity is that it is part of a process where people learn to take on certain attributes that we think are appropriate to understand of ourselves in gender terms. 3. How do we createRead MoreThe Gender Divide At The Homecoming Football Game891 Words   |  4 Pagesappropriate behaviours (F. Mason, personal communication, October 23, 2015). Football goes against what is seen as a gender appropriate behavior for women. Football is aggressive and masculine to a point where if a woman wants to play it is easier to be â€Å"feminine apologetic† then to just play the sport (e.g., lingerie football). In contrast to lingerie football there is â€Å"powder puff football† where the male football players dress up at the cheerleaders and the females dress up as the football players. TheRead MoreGender Equality Through Sports And Gender968 Words   |  4 PagesAs the world is becoming more technologically advanced and the standard of living is improving, the world still faces one colossal problem. Discrimination still exists in all forms, despite the efforts to eliminate it. Skin color, religion, and sex are the central components of discri mination in the world. One area that has shown great improvements over time is gender equality. Throughout world history, women have been viewed as inferior species to men. In the United States, women were not allowedRead MoreHow Gender Can Make A Visual Statement And Representation Of Ones Identity1730 Words   |  7 Pagesfashion allows for a high degree of creativity on the part of individuals in the construction of their identities and presentation of such identities in every day life.† The westernized fashion norms have been that men dress manly and women dress feminine. This does bring up the question of why are the norms so specific, why is it that its acceptable for females to wear a skirt but seen as strange or queer if a male wears one. Society has slowly changed and has slowly been more welcoming to the ideasRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pagesone s role within society†. Sex is based on genetics, whereas gender is based on the environmental surrounding. Lorber wrote: â€Å"Individuals are born sexed but not gendered, they have to be taught to be masculine or feminine† (1994). What if children aren’t taught to be masculine or feminine? Of course, these social cues are what mainly divides men from women, and nature from nurture, but does it also divide sex from gender? A person s sex does not change from birth, but their gender can. â€Å"The formationRead MoreAnalysis Of Throwing Like A Girl By Iris Marion983 Words   |  4 PagesGirl,† Iris Marion Young examines why women move differently than do men. She discusses the apparent observable differences in bodily comportment, physical engagement with things, ways of using the body in performing tasks, and bodily self-image of feminine existence. Young makes the argument that the differences between men and women are not caused by a mysterious â€Å"essence† or by any biological or anatomical limitation, but, rather, we are socialized into â€Å"being† in our bodily space by the situationRead MoreEssay about Socialization and the Learning of Gender Roles886 Words   |  4 Pagesthat people everywhere in the world would define the same traits as masculine or feminine. However, she argued, that if gender is cultural, such conceptions should vary. Mead researched three societies in New Guinea and concluded that â€Å"culture is the key to how sexes differ.† [Macionis et al. p233] In the first society, Arapesh, Mead reported that the men and women had similar behaviour and attitudes. They possessed similar traits that our culture would define as feminine, such as being cooperativeRead MoreThe Complex Layers Within the Little Mermaid1206 Words   |  5 Pagesreflect the Romantic and religious sensibilities that characterize the epoch in which it was written. This story explores the themes of maturation and transcendence in order to valorize the strictures of patriarchy that have persisted in the western world for centuries. It ultimately reinforces dominant power structures especially with regards to gender and teaches girls how to comport themselves within this system. The Little Mermaid presents complex gender scripts that ultimately legitimize and

Integrated Thinking E Business And Supply Chain...

Department of management systems Final assignment Integrated thinking: E-business and Supply Chain Management E-business lets us turn big chunks of data into information which can be used to increase sales and allows us to share this information with our business partners via the internet. E-business uses the internet to link retailers with their suppliers and customers. Supply chain management focusses on integrating steps of the supply chain both internally and externally. E-business is used to increase effectiveness and efficiency by making business processes more automated. By using e-business, a supply chain will be able to get benefits like a decrease in transaction and manufacturing costs. E-business also allows a supply chain to be more collaborative by sharing information such as forecasting and inventory planning. In this essay I will be talking about how this all works together. E-business allows us to be more competitive with other organisations by giving us the ability to share information and communicate throughout the organisation but also beyond that. It allows us to build relationships with our partners and customer. Supply chain management coordinates every part of the supply chain and this can be made easier through e-business as now communication can happen at almost no cost. E-business can be defined as a network of business structures and processes which use the internet and software to connect and improve relationships with their customersShow MoreRelatedBarriers to Supply Chain Integration723 Words   |  3 PagesBARRIERS TO SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION 26th July 20111 The key objectives of a supply chain are to provide quality products services, speed with which goods and services move through the chain, dependability, flexibility and cost. (Slack, Chambers, Johnston, 2007) One of the key facilitators to achieving these objectives is Supply Chain Integration. Today, Supply Chain Management as a discipline has changed the way logistics and supply is viewed. The competitive nature of business has neccesitatedRead MoreB2C and B2B Web Site Supply Chain Difference981 Words   |  4 PagesSite Supply Chain Differences Ah, the wonders that technology has wrought in the world of business. Or should it be phrased: ah, the wonders that business has called forth from the world of technology? Whether it is the chicken or the egg, many changes have developed and with the advancements in what is now called e-business, businesses and consumers have benefited. Though e-businesses vary in scope and methods, they can be categorized basically as business-to-consumer (B2C) or a business-to-businessRead MoreExamine the Strategic Importance of Supply Chain Management to a Manufacturing Firm. What Are the Major Types of Supply Chain Strategies Open to Such a Firm?1030 Words   |  5 PagesSCM is the management of a network of interconnected businesses (such as distributors, wholesalers and retailers) involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers. It spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain). Principles of SCM are: - Internal integration of purchasing and supply, manufacturing and physical distribution management - ExternalRead MoreE Commerce Of Goods, Services Or Information Between Different Companies1086 Words   |  5 Pages2.2 B2B- and B2C-Business B2B also covers e-commerce of goods, services or information between different companies. Therefore, the Business to Business Marketing a very large part of e-business. Commodity exchanges or wholesale deals can be referred to on the Internet as B2B platforms. In addition to trade in goods and their logistics, warehousing and distribution are also part of this business. Overall, these business relations can be held between manufacturers, suppliers, logistics and distributionRead MoreA New Approach For Scm1719 Words   |  7 Pagesthe right market at right time is not a big deal but when we are thinking about thousands for SKUs , components, suppliers , and manufacturing partners , logistic partners in eight different time zone is not a easiest task. Mobility, Collaboration and transportation are not so easy and it’s hard to achieve the profit from your global supply chain. It’s time to make your supply chain flexible and open to all. Let your supply chain to be customer driven, connected, risk managed, complexity managedRead MoreFedex Corporation : The Highest Ethical And Professional Standards1554 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high-value-added logistics, transportation, and related business services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its team members, partners, and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. CorporateRead MoreMsys 111 Test revision 1615 Words   |  7 Pagestechniques influenced by the 3 events 3. One implication of triple convergence? One implication of the triple convergence is the new found global workforce introducing many new players. 4. What is one implication of living in a flat world? Job and business competition is steadily increasing due to the world flattening and the barriers are coming down thanks to technology, extending opportunities to further applicants making the world increasingly competitive. A system is a process of how individualRead MoreAnalysis of eBusiness Solutions Providers: IBM, Wipro Technologies, Samsung1038 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and a Democracy Society E-business solutions Introduction The convergence of the Internet and emerging technologies has drastically changed the way companies do business. Most companies are looking for a way to understand the mission-critical challenges they are facing as a result of the e-business revolution. In its simplest terms, e-business (electronic business) takes key business processes and transforms the way a company does business by making efficient and cost-effectiveRead MoreManaging And Designing Value Chain Networks1575 Words   |  7 PagesUSE ONLY SCRIPT NO. LATE DAYS Leeds University Business School Assessed Coursework Coversheet For use with individual assessed work 2 0 0 9 8 0 9 8 1 Student Identification Number: Module Code: LUBS 5242 M Module Title: Managing and Designing Value Chain Networks Module Leader: Dr. Nicky Shaw Declared Word Count: 1499 â€Æ' Introduction The value chain theory was initially developed by Michael Porter (1985) to describe a chain of value-adding activities/functions within an organisationRead MoreThe Supply Chain Of Honda Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesFrom above, the process of Honda’s supply chain in purchasing is very clear. Firstly, the purchasing division of Honda signs a purchase order with the component suppliers and then these suppliers determines the needed raw materials and sends a demand to Honda after receiving the order. The next is that Honda trading classifies these orders into different materials and signs a purchasing order with these raw materials factories. After then these factories send these raw materials to suppliers. Finally

How Did Astronomy Affect Early Egypt - 1537 Words

ient Egypt was an established civilization of Northeastern Africa. Located near the lower half of the Nile River, it was an extremely sophisticated civilization for its time. The Egyptians were especially intelligent in agriculture and infrastructure. They had pyramids and temples, that were places of worship and used for religious matter. Basic buildings that were used for things like banking and irrigations systems used to control flooding. The Egyptians were able to adjust and modify to their natural surroundings as well. By predicting the flood of the Nile River, they were able to stimulate agriculture and maintain their population. They were also pioneers in a number of new technologies; some of which are highly used today. Much of†¦show more content†¦In a way, King Tut was a part of the sun god Ra- or at least claimed to be. As you can see, this gets very complex very fast. Ceremonies were also a large part in religion. Astronomy played a role within ceremonies and the worship of the gods. Religious ceremonies took place for many reasons. On of the most known is funerary practice. In order to honor the fallen pharaoh or important figure a large ceremonie, similar to a parade, would take place so individuals could worship the god and pray for their well being in the afterlife. Other processions of public celebrations or festivals where people could perform offerings and other acts of worship in order to please the gods. Another aspect of astronomy in religion was star and sky worship. Certain god and goddess were seen in constellations and other were represented by astronomical bodies. For example, the Milky Way Galaxy represented the sky goddess giving birth. Another example is Ra; like I said earlier, Ra is the sun god. To the egyptians the sun brought light, warmth and food. Many would pray to the sun in order to have a good harvest. Astronomy was very influential in religion. Star worship and ceremonies have common ground when it comes to astronomy and religion. The use of astronomy in Egyptians everyday lives can be categorized as practical use. Astronomy played a role in the everyday life of Egyptians. Egyptian astronomers, who were often also priest, noticed that the flood of the Nile RiverShow MoreRelated World History Argumentative Paper- Religion’s Effect on Society1072 Words   |  5 Pagespower to affect everything from social status to common law, thus dominating a large portion of the culture. In ancient Egyptian, Islamic, and Indian society, religion had the capacity to establish how the average person would conduct their daily life. In the area surrounding the Nile River, there lay a civilization bursting with religious influence. Egypt was a polytheistic society consisting of over 200 gods and goddesses. According to Emily Teeter and Douglas Brewer, authors of Egypt and theRead MoreEssay on The Achivements of The Islamic Civilization2328 Words   |  10 Pagesknowledge spread to all other Muslims. They became very advanced in art, architecture, science and mathematics and all this knowledge eventually spread to non-Muslim countries. Much of what we know today is based on the ideas formed by early Islamic scholars. The Islamic religion is based on The Five Pillars which are: faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. The first pillar was and still is faith in Allah and his teachings. The Muslims were very religious inRead MoreThe Islam : The Holy Of The Arab Prophet Muhammad1703 Words   |  7 Pages(b) The Five Pillars unite the Muslim as one person because all Muslims are expected to be virtuous. Essentially, they are connected through their faith and charity. 5. The Quran and Sharia are the cornerstones of the Islamic faith. Due to that they affect the lives of their followers profoundly. For example, the Sharia is laws that the Islamic people have to follow; this meant that the Sharia was able to guide the people towards charity and good deeds. These laws are derived from the Quran which alsoRead MoreBusiness Environment of Pre-British India13645 Words   |  55 Pagespeople of South, Central and North-Western India (Kashmir, Nilgiris, Mysore, etc.) and also with certain foreign kingdoms especially Sumer, Elam (through both land and sea). Harappan seals and articles have been found in places as far as West Asia and Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Gulf. They not only exported goods, but also imported precious metals like silver from West Asia. There existed an accurate system of weights and measurements. Cubical weights were the most common. 0.8750 gms was the unit weightRead MoreThe Creation Of Islam Throughout Ad 6622599 Words   |  11 Pagesphenomenon†. Muslims contribute to knowledge through the creation and addition of Arabic numerals, positional notation, algebra, calculations in astronomy, medical analyses, and new poetry techniques. Islam contributions to design are â€Å"distinctive, richly colorful, and highly imaginative.† (Newton 30) The militant Arabs took over Syria, and then took over Egypt in AD 640. Sixty years later they spread to the south Mediterranean coast, reaching the Atlantic. Through similar interests of conquest, theRead MoreExploration of the Political Structure of the Roman Empire4418 Words   |  18 PagesExploration of the Political Structure of the Roman Empire The public sphere of Rome, which included religious norms, social settings, as well as some other cultural divides, has been known to greatly affect the Roman political system throughout, from its inception to its fall. Our world has seen many great empires and perhaps the most popular one by name is the Roman Empire. A great number of books have been written on this subject, many movies have been made, and the Roman Empire remains richRead MoreReligion And Its Role Within Societies 600 B.c11006 Words   |  45 Pagesancient history, before the invention of writing, nothing was written down: stories were told verbally, laws were passed on verbally, and writing things down was an incredible task for the ancient people, and gave incredible glory to the people that did it, because if it’s written down, it’s much easier to spread your beliefs and it’s harder to forget specifics of your religion or law. Writing down religious and political texts has greatly facilita ted the religions’ diffusion and spread throughoutRead MoreEssay on The History Of Arts And Crafts5478 Words   |  22 PagesBefore the Industrial Revolution all such products were handmade, often in the home. The age of the machine nearly did away with the traditional crafts by fostering mass production. During the mid-19th century, however, a reaction against the machine took place in Great Britain. Called the Arts and Crafts Movement, it urged a new appreciation for decorative, handmade products. The movement did a great deal to bring about todays interest in handicrafts, often as a hobby, for limited production of qualityRead MoreAn Article On Earth Essay10094 Words   |  41 Pagesconflict, travel, trade and communication media. According to evidence from radiometric dating and other sources, Earth was formed about 4.54 billion years ago.[39][40][41] Within its first billion years,[42] life appeared in its oceans and began to affect its atmosphere and surface, promoting the proliferation of aerobic as well as anaerobic organisms and causing the formation of the atmosphere s ozone layer. This layer and the geomagnetic field blocked the most life-threatening parts of the Sun sRead MoreSummer Olymoics23416 Words   |  94 Pagesreleased its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations.[28] On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, Jacques Rogge said, I cannot predict it since I don t know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will

Applied Business Research Explore Business Research

Question: Discuss about the Relationship between monetary reward and job security for motivation of staff. Answer: Introduction This study explores on relationship that exists between the monetary and job security for motivation of the staff. Most of the research studies have indicated that encouragement and appraisal of the employees resulted to higher retention rate, productivity and job satisfaction. The bond that exists between the employee and employer should be very vital (Wang, Noe Wang, 2014). This relationship should be based on the respect from the employer to the employee to motivate and offer job security (McDermott, Conway, Rousseau Flood, 2013). The employer should provide different means as symbolic rewards it may inform of monetary rewards or even assurance on their job security (McShane Von Glinow, 2015). If offers these aspects the staff get motivated connect to their work and the comfortable environment that are offered by the authorities in regards to job security will help make them more devoted and committed towards their job (Anitha, 2014). The aspect of the monetary rewards enhances on the direct satisfaction of the staff, the job security assures them of their importance, and thus they become more committed to the organization (Appelbaum, 2013). According to the stakeholders theory it stipulates that organizations should have the social responsibility tha t entails them to consider all the interests of the parties that are affected by their actions (Arekar, Jain, Desphande Sherin, 2016). This means that it is their responsibility to clearly utilize on the resources such as monetary rewards towards the beneficial of the staff and in turn will offer the real nature benefits to the stakeholders through their outputs (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). The monetary rewards can boost motivation since these incentives have the extrinsic motivational impacts on the staff. Moreover, individuals who are motivated will naturally enjoy on the work they undertake (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). For better understanding on the relationship of monetary rewards and jobs security on motivation, it is essential to know the meaning. Psychologists define motivation as the process that drives people towards the achievement of a goal (Muogbo, 2013). Motivation has been found to give individuals purpose and the drive to achieve a certain thing (Azar Shafighi, 20 13). It has helped individuals to push or perhaps pull a bad situation that are negative aspects in their lives. Brayfield and Crockett (1995) has studied on the relationship between monetary rewards and job security as motivational factors for the employees (Perry, 2014). These individuals believed that they is a lot of relationship between these variables. Vrom (2003) reviews on the subject found out that the median correlation on these variables to be 0.54 (Bayraktar, Araci, Karacay Calisir, 2016). The research proposal will try to elaborate on the relationship between monetary rewards and job security in the motivation of the staff, to begin on the discussing it is important to define on the research problem and the objectives of the research. In the recent years, there have been an increase focus on the relationship between monetary reward and job security for the motivation of the staff. The prior studies have generally found out a positive relationship between monetary reward and job security to motivate the staff. However, there are also research where such a relationship has not been found (Muogbo, 2013). One of the measure, which has been found to assess the firm performance has been typically, been a combination of both the profitability and the growth measures (Azar Shafighi, 2013). The previous research were inclusive or even contradictory on the study of relationship on monetary reward and job security as aspects of motivating the employees. Consequently, many of the research have concluded that more research is needed in that areas in that there are many factors that can be considered when motivating employees and towards firm performance. The basis of the this study was due to the research gap I identified in this area of the need to found out of other factors and to define what type of relationship that exists between monetary rewards and job security for motivation of staff. Research problem Two authors Taylor (1856-1915) as well as Gibreth (1868-1924) they considered that the employees have small feeling to work so they ought to be motivated. Within this research, I want to examine on the relationship between monetary reward and the job security for motivation of the staff (Posthuma, Campion, Masimova Campion, 2013). Therefore, motivation will be measured in relation to the job performance (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). According to many researchers, there exists many of the common and different aspects in the field of motivation. In this study, it has been designed to offer a better understanding on the relationship of these factors to motivation of the employees. The research will be aimed to explore variables, which can drive the employees motivation (Azar Shafighi, 2013). Nonetheless, the research has been limited to determine on the level of motivation to the staff. The study aims to address the following problem: what is the relationship between monetary reward and job security for the motivation of the staff. The objectives of the proposed study are: To determine the effects of monetary reward and job security on the performance of organization To find how monetary reward and job security can have an effect on motivation of staff To guide the researchers and scholars in regards to importance of monetary rewards and job security as tool for motivating staff. Literature review Motivation has originally been derived from the Latin word mover, that means to move. It generally refers to the relations that exists between people and position (Rynes, Gerhart Minette, 2004). It entails the processes of how individuals put efforts, which are directed towards the achievement of a goal. Therefore, motivation of the staff entails to the intensity of their efforts to achieve the goals of the firm (Bayraktar, Araci, Karacay Calisir, 2016). According to Lazear (1986) suggests that provision of the monetary rewards to the staff for the aspect of motivation can attract and gear them to be productive in the organization (Scott, Brown, Shields, Long, Antoni, Beck-Krala Perkins, 2015). Further, he suggested t monetary rewards could gain extra efforts for the staff to the extent where the marginal value added is essentially equal to the marginal cost that is paid for the additional work (Buurman, Delfgaauw, Dur Van den Bossche, 2012). This means that this concept of monet ary reward can be one of type of the paid value to the staff in return for extra effort they put in work. Lazeer shown that there was a positive relation between monetary rewards for the motivation of the staff. Theoretical framework In accordance to literature review, there is development of the theoretical framework to represent the relationship between monetary reward and job security for motivation of staff. In this study, the factors influencing motivation are monetary and job security. According to Osterloh, staff who are creative have two main reasons for being motivated (Chen Hsieh, 2015). These reasons ought to be addressed by the organization for better performance. One of the reason is that monetary reward way of motivation is needed in order to create and exchange on the knowledge and ideas (Crawford, Rich, Buckman Bergeron, 2014). Staff who are motivated they tend to be inherently interested towards engagement in their work. Second reason is that is to enhance of the aspect of time. This aspect has owned on the tasks related to job and to the improvement of the productivity in all the levels of individuals within the firm. Research form Yahya and Goh (2002) highlights that incentive offered to the groups or the staff members could raise on the level of the creation of the knowledge, transfer of the knowledge and acquisition. Mathios (1998) has argued that the monetary rewards are more preferred by the highly educated individuals. Empirical investigations have indicated there is a positive relationship between the responsibility security as an inspirational component as well as the overall performance of the work. Based on Miller et al. (2001) researched that job security carries essential impact on the performance of the staff and they tend to be motivated to perform their responsibilities when the job security is low (Davenport Beck, 2013). The experts have discovered the fear of job loss reveals that the staff behaviour changes to worse as soon they commence worrying relating to this loss. Additionally, the investigations with this research signifies that job security give employees with a substantial enthusiasm, which has an effect on other motivation levels. An instance from Senol study emphasizes job security was rated as certainly one of the three most crucial motivational instruments to all the subcategories. Poyraz together with karma research study in 2008 on hotel employees also displayed that job security functions as a substantial tool for motivation because it can change on the side work behaviors and the thought of leaving the employment (Erbasi Arat, 2012). The majority of research has shown that job security as a motivational technique to the staff. Armstrong (2007) mentioned that financial incentives may work as an objective, which staff generally aim for, as well as an tool, that gives the outcomes of values. Furthermore, also a representation signifies that the recipient value of a given business might function as the basic reinforce given it is related to the feedback value. According to Bates, for the monetary reward to be effective in motivating staff, there should be a merit pay, which rises above seven percent of the base pay f or the staff to perceive them as motivational and to catch their attention (Florida, 2014). The importance of money as a motivating aspect has been consistently downplayed by most of the behavioral scientists example Herzberg who has clearly pointed out that value of changing jobs, the feedback and the cohesion exhibited from the team members are stimulants to motivation (Gerhart Fang, 2015). Armstrong research further argues that the more the staff they are motivated with the use of the monetary rewards, the more they tend lose interest in whatever they had to do in order to get this rewards. Research questions The research study will address the following questions. What is the relationship between monetary reward and job security for motivation of staff? What is the relationship between monetary reward and job security to job performance? How will monetary reward and job security guide the researchers and scholars on motivating the staff? Research Methodology Research design The strategy used for the research is cross sectional study in which I will conduct to investigate find the relationship of the monetary rewards and job security for the motivation of the staff (Harunavamwe Kanengoni, 2013). The study will be based on quantitative approaches and survey techniques that will be used for collection of the data. The focus of the research will be on staff in the service industry (Houston, 2000). The study will focus on the motivation factors of which are monetary reward and job security. The research instrument that will be employed in the research is structured questionnaires. Quantitative research method The research will use quantitative research method in quantifying of the problem through generation of the numerical data, which will be transformed to useable statistics (Khan, Shahid, Nawab Wali, 2013). In the research, we have dependent variable, which is job performance, and the independent variable that are job security and money reward. There will be use of the measurable data in the formulation of the facts and uncover the patterns to test the hypothesis. Justification of the method The use of this research method is significant in that it will allow me to measure and analyze the data. There will be study of the dependent and the independent variable. This will help the research be objective in explaining on the findings and will help to test the hypothesis. Data collection method The method for collecting of data will be survey technique where there will be use of the structured questionnaire. The questionnaires will be issued to 150 respondents from the selected organization. Justification of survey methods This method will the structured questionnaires to gather the information. The use of the survey in this research will help to decide on what needs to be changed, and where money could be, spend, and what the problems might be. The use of this method is better than the others is because it is less expensive as comparison to others. Moreover, they can be sent to various locations through either email, telephone or perhaps mail. Sampling and population The study area will be different organizations in the service industry. Organizations that will be included in the survey are the banks, private sector and the universities (Lăzăroiu, 2015). Due to limited aspect of time and the resources the number of organization that will be selected are 25 organization. The method used for sampling used will be systematic. The primary data that will be gathered will be through structured questionnaires. The sample size will be 150 individuals selected from the 25 organization. Justification of systematic sampling method The use of this method is significance in that it is simple and straightforward to carry out. Moreover, the data that will be chosen will be evenly distributed of which will be a representation of the normal population. Data analysis The information evaluation is going to be carried out employing the SPSS application. There will be multiple regression employing the enter approach to ascertain on the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables (Lin, 2007). The stepwise regression is going to be used on establish which of the two-predictor adjustable lead most on the staff motivation. The degree of relevance is going to be put at p=0 .05. Hypotheses is going to be accepted should there be a positive relationship between monetary incentive and job security for encouraging of employees. Nevertheless, hypotheses is going to be invalidated if there is no positive relationship between monetary reward and job security for motivating staff. Time frame Task name Subtask complete Date of completion 1. Ethical Approval Research topic was approved in phase one 24/8/2016 2. Literature review methodology Research literature review was completed 15/10/2016 3. Writing Writing of research proposal 30/10/2016 4. Editing Grammar mistakes, errors in sentence structures 12/10/2016 5. submission 15/3/2017 Limitation Just like any investigation, it will have some limitations. One of the limitation that ought to be experienced relate to the sample size. The respondent for the research will be only 150 due to constraint of funds for research (Manzoor, 2012). Another limitation of the study will likely be the limited geographical location for the analysis of the research. This will likely cause the generalization of the overall findings to be less affirmative. Conclusion The research study will try to explore on the relationship between the monetary reward and job security for the motivation of the staff. The research will use survey method for collection of the data where structured questionnaires will be carried out. The type of research for the study is quantitative approach, in which will use multiple regression for analyzes of the numerical data. Moreover, the research will focus on the theoretical framework on the literature review. Various limitation will likely be encountered and they have been identified from the project. Recommendations/implications In order to make the research to be successful there is need to fulfil the following elements .one of the recommendation for the study is need to have a large sample size for the population this will help to generalize on the findings and thus we could have consideration of more motivational factors. Second recommendation is that the organization that would be used for the study should have been applying monetary reward and offering job security to the employees as elements of motivation. There is also need to identify more motivation variables for the research in order to have conclusive results and fill the research gap identified. On the implication, the research should offer further room for studies other than the motivation for the staff and how the firm can improve on their performance. References Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Appelbaum, E. (2013). The impact of new forms of work organization on workers. Work and Employment in the High Performance Workplace, 120. Arekar, K., Jain, R., Desphande, B., Sherin, P. (2016). Relationship between individual and structural determinants on job satisfactionanalysis of employee turnover in the Indian context. The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(6), 387-398. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Azar, M., Shafighi, A. A. (2013). The effect of work motivation on employees' job performance (Case study: employees of Isfahan Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(9), 432. Bayraktar, C. A., Araci, O., Karacay, G., Calisir, F. (2016). The mediating effect of rewarding on the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries. Buurman, M., Delfgaauw, J., Dur, R., Van den Bossche, S. (2012). Public sector employees: Risk averse and altruistic?. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 83(3), 279- 291. Chen, C. A., Hsieh, C. W. (2015). Does pursuing external incentives compromise public service motivation? Comparing the effects of job security and high pay. Public Management Review, 17(8), 1190-1213. Crawford, E. R., Rich, B. L., Buckman, B., Bergeron, J. (2014). The antecedents and drivers of employee engagement. Employee engagement in theory and practice, 57-81. Davenport, T. H., Beck, J. C. (2013). The attention economy: Understanding the new currency of business. Harvard Business Press. Erbasi, A., Arat, T. (2012). The effect of financial and non-financial incentives on job satisfaction: An examination of food chain premises in Turkey. International Business Research, 5(10), 136. Florida, R. (2014). The Rise of the Creative Class--Revisited: Revised and Expanded. Basic books. Gerhart, B., Fang, M. (2015). Pay, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, and creativity in the workplace: Revisiting long-held beliefs. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 2(1), 489-521. Harunavamwe, M., Kanengoni, H. (2013). The impact of monetary and non-monetary rewards on motivation among lower level employees in selected retail shops. African Journal of Business Management, 7(38), 3929. Houston, D. J. (2000). Public-service motivation: A multivariate test. Journal of public administration research and theory, 10(4), 713-728. Khan, I., Shahid, M., Nawab, S., Wali, S. S. (2013). Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards on employee performance: The banking sector of Pakistan. Academic Research International, 4(1), 282. Lăzăroiu, G. (2015). Employee Motivation and Job Performance. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), 97-102. Lin, H. F. (2007). Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions. Journal of information science. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business management and strategy, 3(1), 1. McDermott, A. M., Conway, E., Rousseau, D. M., Flood, P. C. (2013). Promoting effective psychological contracts through leadership: The missing link between HR strategy and performance. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 289-310. McShane, S. L., Von Glinow, M. A. (2015). Organizational Behavior 7/e. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013). Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Muogbo, U. S. (2013). The Impact of Employee Motivation On Organisational Performance (A Study Of Some Selected Firms In Anambra State Nigeria). The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(7), 70-80. Perry, J. L. (2014). The motivational bases of public service: foundations for a third wave of research. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 36(1), 34-47. Posthuma, R. A., Campion, M. C., Masimova, M., Campion, M. A. (2013). A high performance work practices taxonomy integrating the literature and directing future research. Journal of Management, 0149206313478184. Rynes, S. L., Gerhart, B., Minette, K. A. (2004). The importance of pay in employee motivation: Discrepancies between what people say and what they do. Human resource management, 43(4), 381-394. Scott, D., Brown, M., Shields, J., Long, R. J., Antoni, C. H., Beck-Krala, E. J., ... Perkins, S. J. (2015). A global study of pay preferences and employee characteristics. Compensation Benefits Review, 0886368715598197. Taylor, F. W. (1914). The principles of scientific management.New York: Harper. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Wang, S., Noe, R. A., Wang, Z. M. (2014). Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems a quasifield experiment. Journal of Management, 40(4), 978- 1009.

Act 1 Scene 1 Essays - English-language Films, Neo-noir, Blade

Act 1 Scene 1 It's 2013, in a city called Trelador. A downtown club is bustling with activity. Police are all over the place and media are asking questions. Two witnesses to the incident describe what happened that night. The witnesses are two young teens about 17. They tell it like they saw it. Police Officer: All right guys, take it from the top. What happen? Teen 1: A guy with the biggest sword came in here and started slashing people all up. He must of had a something against the place. Teen 2: Yeah, he all came up in here and started stabin people and throwin them all over. He put some guy through a speaker and killed the music. That's when I got mad. That guy, he just all punched me into a table. Then? (The police officer shakes his head as he just trails on and on.) Police Officer: What did he look like? Teen 1: Black coat, long hair, and black boots. Police Officer: Okay, that's all I need for now. Can I get your names just in case we need more info? (Police officer opens his book.) Teen 1: Sure. I'm Matthias and this is my boy Cid. (Cid is still telling the whole story.) Police Officer: Thanks. We'll be in touch. Matthias: Man, Cid can you believe that. (Cid stops his story.) Cid: Believe what? Matthias: What just happened tonight you retard. Cid: Oh yeah. Yeah that was wild.(Cid looks over and sees to girls standing there.) Hey, lets go talk to those chickies. I think one wants you bad man. Matthias: Sounds good. They exit. Scene 2 At an apartment complex in Trelador, Matthias and Cid sit on bean bag chairs and watch television. Cid is eating a bag of chips and Matthias sips on a Pepsi. Matthias: I didn't know we had this channel.(He points to the screen that shows a girl walking around in the buff.) Did you order Playboy again, Cid? Cid: No, I didn't order it again. It must have been Blade. Matthias: Yeah right Cid. You liar. Why do you always try and put stuff on Blade. Plus, me and Blade know that we can't afford any new channels. You don't seem to understand- (He is interrupted by a loud pound on the door.) Voice: Open up now! This is the police! Cid: Oh crap. Open the door Matthias. Matthias opens the door slowly until it's kicked open by Blade. Blade is 21. He is the oldest of the three. He takes care of everyone. Matthias: Jesus, Blade. You ?bout gave me a heart attack.(He gets his breath back.) Guess what Blade. Blade: What did you guys do this time? Cid: Nothin Blade. He's just jokin with ya. Aren't you Matthias? Blade: Well, who cares if you did? We have to get out of here like now. Cid: Why? Blade: Remember that little incident at the club last night?(Both say yeah.) Well that guy was walking on his way here. So get some stuff to take and lets go. Matthias: Oh man. Forget that stuff, I'm outta here. Cid: Yeah me too. Let's just go, Blade. The door is opened and there stands the man from last night. He stands six feet tall and holds a sword just as long as him. He wears a black trench coat and has neon blue eyes. Blade: You guys go out the window and I'll handle him. Go now! The two run to the back bedroom and start down the fire escape. Man: You are a brave man, Blade. Either that just stupid. Blade: Who are you and how do you know my name? Vargas: I am Commander Vargas, of the Death Corps. I have orders to find and kill you. Blade: So that's why you were at the club last night. You knew I hung out there. But why kill me? Vargas: My boss feels that you are a threat to us. Blade: Why does he think I'm a threat to you guys? Vargas: Because your father said that you would be the one to get rid of us. He said that you were the new Aura soldier just like him. Blade: Aura soldier? What the heck is that? Vargas: I guess you'll never find out that because?your dead. Vargas charges at Blade with his sword. Blade dives out of the way and trips Vargas. Vargas: Your gonna regret doin that punk. Blade picks up a CD and throws it at

China in the Age of Exploration essays

China in the Age of Exploration essays The age of exploration. A time when exploring was arguably the most important thing to do in life. The countries were not yet all discovered and animals and spices were native only to small areas. So exploration expanded the world. There have been many famous explorations, such as Christopher Columbuss trip to the new world (America). But many smaller trips were also made. The country of China, although not known for exploration was actually affected by it greatly. One might think that it is impossible for exploration to have an affect on China. But Without European exploration, who knows what would have happened to China. It would not be what it is today. It would be entirely different. Explorers from Europe, desert and sea routes, and the maritime expeditions, are the three main ways how European exploration affected China. European exploration was a great occurrence it not only expanded our world but also expanded the ideas of one of its greatest countries. European exploration went everywhere. They explored the earth everywhere that they could. So it was of no surprise that China was a choice on the list. An explorer by the name of Marco Polo sailed to China in the 13th century. He was supposed to convert the then China ruling Mongols to Christianity. (http://geography.miningco.com/science/geography/library/weekly/aa081798.htm. About .com). Instead all he did was obtain spices and leave. But in his brief stay he helped the Chinese. He showed them some ships and boats that he had sailed on. The Chinese having a good idea of what these ships looked like tried to mimic some things that they did not have. Now the Chinese have better ships and will be able to sail better, easier, and at greater distances. So Unknowingly, a great explorer along with few others, greatly helped the advance of the Chinese sailing and aquatic ways. Despite this, even before explorers came to China they already had an idea of exploration. China w...

Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Essay - Assignment Example The decision by the New Plymouth District Council to bring to an end the water fluoridation is seen as thetermination of the practice in New Zealand. According to Mary Byrne of the anti-fluoride group, the Fluoride Action Network New Zealand, the New Plymouth District Council decision could bring a domino effect to other councils leading to the chemicals rejection (Stare, 1990). Fluoride, an ionic compound, contains the fluorine components. Fluoride, naturally found component in most of the rocks in New Zealand and worldwide, is the single most reactive element in water. Approximately 90 percent of the fluoride components added to the municipal water supplies come from the chemicals known as silicofluorides. The silicofluorides chemicals production is from the by-products of the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. In most of New Zealand’s District Councils, fluoride is added to the municipal water supplies at the concentration of about one part per million or even slightly below. Fluoride concentrations occurring in surface waters depend on location, but concentrations are low, and in most cases do not exceed 0.3 ppm. Groundwater can however contain much higher concentration levels. Fluoride should not be included to the water supplied by district councils to the residents of cities and towns in New Zealand. A move by New Plymouth District Council is welcome and should act as a precedent to other district councils in New Zealand. Proponents of fluoridation argue that the fluoride helps by binding to tooth enamel. Enamel is primarily composed of hydroxylapatite; a crystal made up of phosphorus, calcium, oxygen and hydrogen. By replacement of hydroxyl molecule on hydroxylapatite, the resistance of the tooth to acidity attacks from bacteria will increase because of the fluoride components (Wagner, 1993). The proponents have however been

Target Company - Sprint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Target Company - Sprint - Essay Example The corporate structure and the organizational culture are the backbones of the company’s success (Ante 54). This is demonstrated by the value that the company leadership and management have for the employees and all stakeholders of its business operations and activities. The organizational culture and behavior of the company is however determined by the various forces and variables within the business environment. The economic environment within Sprint’s business activities is characterized by increased competitiveness from its major business rivals and new entrants into the wireless telecommunication industry (MarketWatch 284). It is due to the company’s need for staying competitive that its core corporate values are designed to demonstrate and achieve maximum integrity in the provision of wireless telecommunication services and products to its customers. Integrity is achieved through both the words and actions of the management and employees (Curran 30). Integ rity means that the company endeavors to remain competitive by becoming the most reliable internet provider within the business environment. Additionally, economic forces have caused the company to provide its customers with competitive prices for its telecommunication services. ... ocial and cultural forces within the telecommunication industry and business environment in general have mandated the company to adhere to its corporate responsibility. Additionally, the company values its ethical responsibility to all of its stakeholders (Ante 55). It is in this regard that the directors of Sprint are drawn from diverse cultures to ensure that the needs of all stakeholders with all their differences are effectively met. The company’s directors and management value good relationship with the employees through effective leadership approaches, enhanced communication and collaboration. More importantly, the leadership and company management focuses on gaining the confidence of the investors (MarketWatch 288). In this sense, the interests of the company’s stakeholders are taken into due consideration by the decisions of the directors. Furthermore, the company’s ethical responsibility has been embedded into the company’s business behavior which is characterized by well compensated and motivated employee. As a result of this, the company’s work force is creative and innovative in the design and production of various telecommunication services. The political and legal environment has led to the company’s adherence to the regulations and policies of the government in all its operation (Curran 30). The behavior of the company’s directors and the management team is thus influenced by the regulatory environment within the legal and political business environments. The election of directors is through a majority vote as required by the legal framework. Additionally ethical practice in the presentation of financial statements is highly valued by the company. More importantly, the company has adhered to the regulations on taxation (Ante 56). The

Isolation, Cloning, and Translation of Plasmid DNA

Isolation, Cloning, and Translation of Plasmid DNA Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to clone a kanamycin gene into the MCS of a pUC18 plasmid, and then to transform cells with the plasmids. Purified pUC18 and pKan plasmid samples were obtained. A 0.7 % agarose gel was prepared, and the wells loaded with the plasmid samples. Restriction endonucleases were used to cut a kanamycin resistance gene from a pKan plasmid. DNA ligases were used to ligate the kanamycin resistance gene on to the multiple cloning site of the pUC18 plasmid. Escherichia coli (strain DH5ÃŽÂ ±) were then transformed with plasmids. The presence of the kanamycin resistance gene in the pUC18 was determined using the indirect (pUC18 selection) and direct selection methods. The results from the gel image were inadequate. Zero colony counts were recorded on the kanamycin plates for the indirect selection method. Zero colony counts were recorded on the kanamycin/ carbenicillin plate for the direct selection method. In Conclusion it can be said that although the kana mycin gene should have been inserted into the pUC18 plasmid, the results from both selection methods indicate that it wasnt. Introduction: DNA cloning is a process in which a certain piece of DNA is replicated several times [1]. This process in essence involves isolating the gene or DNA fragment of interest, and transferring it to another molecular of DNA [1]. In order for the cloning process to begin, the DNA of interest has to be cut at precise locations [1]. Specific endonucleases are used for this process. After which a small molecule of DNA is chosen, that has restriction sites that are complementary to the DNA of interest and is capable of self-replication [1]. These small molecules of DNA are called cloning vectors (phages, plasmids, Yeast Artificial Chromosomes, or Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes can be used) [1]. The two pieces of DNAs (the vector and DNA of interest) can be joined together by using a DNA ligase [1]. The newly formed composite DNA molecule is called a recombinant DNA [1]. The recombinant DNA can then be introduced into a host cell by a process of transformation [1]. Once transformed multiple c opies of the host cell can be produced, and in doing so multiple copies of the DNA are also produced [1]. Bacterial DNA can carry genes for antibiotic resistance [2]. The antibiotic resistance gene can either be on the chromosomes or on other external chromosomal pieces of DNA (e.g. plasmids) [2]. The pUC18 is a cloning vector plasmid that contains an ampicillin resistance gene [2]. On the other hand the pKan plasmid contains a kanamycin resistance gene [2]. The pUC18 plasmids are extremely useful for transformation with an Escherichia coli host cell [2]. The pUC18 plasmid consist of an origin of DNA replication, pBR322 derived ampicillin resistance gene, and a lacZ gene of E.coli [2]. The lacZ gene is part of something called the lac operon [1]. The lac operon in essence consists of the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes [1]. The combination of the three genes allows the cell to utilize lactose [1]. When sufficient quantity of lactose is available, the cell is able to utilize the lactose by producing the enzyme beta-galactosidase [2]. pUC18s lacZ gene contains a collection of different restrict ion enzyme recognitions sites [2]. This site within the lacZ gene is called a Multiple Cloning Site (MCS). The MCS of the pUC18 plasmids can be recognized by a number of different enzymes; hence cuts can be made at various different places [2]. In gene cloning experiments, X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl,-D-galactoside) is used to indicate the presence of the lacZ gene, and hence indicates whether or not a cell is producing the enzyme beta-galactosidase [2][3]. This indication is given by a blue coloration of the colonies growing on a medium containing X-gal [2]. Beta-galactosidase cleaves X-gal into D-galactoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole [3]. The actual presence of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole is what causes the colonies to true blue [3]. The pKan plasmid contains the kanamycin resistance gene. In this experiment the kanamycin resistance of the pKan plasmid will be cloned into the MCS of the pUC18 plasmid [2]. This new recombinant DNA will then be transformed into an E.coli strain DH5ÃŽÂ ± host cell [2]. A brief overview of the isolation, cloning and transformation processes are given above [2]. This process in the end will yield an E. coli strain that is resistance to both ampicillin and kanamycin [2]. As mentioned earlier, the multiple cloning sites (MCS) of the pUC18 plasmid is located with its lacZ gene [2]. This means that when the kanamycin resistance gene is inserted into the multiple cloning sites, the lacZ gene is disturbed [2]. This alters the production of beta-galactosidase [2]. Hence the E.coli cells are not able to utilize X-gal on a growth media, producing white colonies instead of blue [2]. The presence of white colonies can be used as an indication for insertion of the kanamycin gene in pUC18 plasm id [2]. A kanamycin/ampicillin selective media can also be used to make sure that the pUC18 plasmid has the kanamycin gene inserted into it [2]. In summary the main objectives of this experiment is to clone a kanamycin gene into the MCS of a pUC18 plasmid, and then to transforms a cell with the plasmids. The hypothesis is that a kanamycin resistance gene will be inserted onto the MCS of the pUC18 plasmid, and as a result the cells will be resistant to both antibiotics. Materials and Methods: The following materials and methods are taken from: Hausner, M., Jong, M. (2010). Experiments in Biotechnology (BLG888 ed.). Toronto: Ryerson University. Pg 7-19 Materials: Bacterial plasmids, restriction enzymes, solutions and media used: Overnight cultures of DH5ÃŽÂ ±/ pUC18 and MM294/pKan (5x10mL) were used. DNA solution kit that was used consist of solution 1 (glucose/Tris/EDTA to which lysozymes were added), solution 2 (SDS/NaOH), and solution 3 (KOAc). Enzymes RNAase (5mg/ml) and DNA ligase were used. Isopropanol and ethanol were used. TE buffer used contained 10Mm TRIS and 0.1 mM EDTA. Tris borate buffer that was used contained (TBE)(1X)10.8g Tris, 5.5g Boric acid, 10 mM EDTA, and up to 1000 ml distilled water. DNA loading dye and Ethidium bromide solution were used. The plasmids pUC18 and pKan were used. The restriction enzymes that were used were BamHI (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H.) and HinDIII (isolated from Haemophilus influenza). 5M ammonium acetate was used. Phenol:chloroform:isoamyl was used. 50mM EDTA was used. 5 x ligation and restriction buffers were used. TE buffer that was used contained 10Mm Tris, 0.1 Mm EDTA. Cell culture of E. coli strain DH5ÃŽÂ ± was used. 50 ml of LB broth and 3 sterile saline tubes. 2 LB plates, 8 LB + carbenicillin (carb), and 3 LB + carbenicillin (carb) + kanamycin (kan) plates were used. X-gal solution was used. 1 plate of LB+ kanamycin (kan). Methods: Preparation of the plasmid DNA: pUC18 and pKan plasmid were prepared over a period of three days (three weeks). Two centrifuge tubes with the culture sample were centrifuged for 10 minutes and supernatant discarded. 100Â µl of solution 1 was added followed by 10Â µl of RNase. After 20 minutes solution 2 was added. Five minutes later ice cold solution 3 was added, which was centrifuged 10 minutes later for 10 minutes. 400Â µl of the supernatant was extracted to a clean tube, to which 400Â µl of isopropanol was then added and was left for 30 minutes at -20oC. The DNA sample was then centrifuged and the pellet speed vac. The dry pellet was re-suspended in 20Â µl of TE buffer. A gel was prepared with accordance to steps in the lab manual. The DNA samples were then loaded on to the wells and the electrophoresis apparatus ran. The gel images were taken to see presence of the pUC18 and pKan plasmids. Endonuclease restriction digestion of the plasmids and ligation of the kanamycin fragment to pUC18: Two centrifuge tubes were prepared from 10Â µl of pUC18 and 10Â µl of pKan plasmids. To each tube restriction buffers, restriction enzymes and sterile water were added (refer to the lab manual for details). The prepared tubes were centrifuged and left in a water bath. 5Â µl of EDTA was added to each tube. 100Â µl of TE buffer and Phenol:chloroform:isoamyl were added. The tubes were then pulse centrifuged and top layer remove and transferred to new tubes (A1 and B1). 100Â µl of Phenol:chloroform:isoamyl was added, top layer removed and transferred to new tubes again (A2 and B2). Ammonium acetate and ethanol were added to tubes A2 and B2. The tubes were centrifuged, supernatant discarded, pellet speed vacuumed, and finally re-suspended in TE buffer. Tube C and D were prepared with accordance to the lab manual. The new tubes were then centrifuged and incubated. Transformation of an ampicillin sensitive E.coli Strain: The first five steps to prepare the cell culture of DH5ÃŽÂ ± for transformation were done by the lab staff. Details on the steps can be found in the lab manual. Four centrifuge tubes were prepared. Tube 1 contained uncut DNA plasmids, tube 2 contained DNA sample from tube C, tube 3 contained DNA sample from tube D, and tube 4 contained sterile water. The pre-prepared cells were then added to the tubes and heat shocked. LB broth was added to each tube and incubated for 20 minutes. X gal was spread evenly on the 8 LB+ carb plates. 100Â µl from tubes 1, 2, and 4 were spread on 3 of the LB+carb+X-gal plates. 100Â µl from tube three was then plated on the remaining five LB+carb+X-gal plates. Tube 3 was also plated on to 3 LB+carb+kan plate. A dilution series (using 0.1Â µl from the previous) was prepared from tube 3 using 3 sterile saline tubes. 10 Â µl from dilution 2 and 100 Â µl from dilution 3 were spread plated onto 2 LB plates. Colonies from each plate were counted. Blue and white colonies from tube 3 plates were then streaked on to a LB+Kan plate. Results from the LB+Kan plates were then recorded. Additional details can be found in the lab manual: Hausner, M., Jong, M. (2010). Experiments in Biotechnology (BLG888 ed.). Toronto: Ryerson University Results: Figure 1: 0.7 % agarose gel digest showing the presence of the pUC18 and pKan plasmids. Lane 3 and 2 were used by Abbas and Jamie. The figure above shows the 0.7% agarose gel image showing the presence of pUC18 and pKan plasmids. If banes appeared in the respective lanes, the plasmid samples would be used in the next part of the experiment. The image above shows bands appearing for lane 3 (pKan), but none for lane 2 (pUC18). This indicates the presence of the pKan plasmid but absences of the pUC18 plasmid. Hence due to inadequate results, additional plasmid sample were prepared by the lab staff. In total results from all 14 plates were recorded. Indirect Method: Table 1: Results for colony counts for the indirect (pUC18) selection method on LB+ carb+ X-gal plates Plate 1 Plate 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5 Tube 1 TMTC-Blue N/A Tube 2 5-Blue Tube 4 0 Tube 3 40 Blue/ 5 White 55 Blue/ 15 White 79 Blue/ 22 White 65 Blue/ 3 White 54 Blue/ 12 White The results for tube 1, 2, 3, and 4 plated on the 8 LB+ carb+ X-gal plates are shown above. Tube 1 contained an uncut plasmid which explained the high number of colonies for plate 1. Tube 2 contained a cut pUC18 plasmid, which can be explained by only 5 colonies. Tube 4 contained only sterile water; hence zero colonies appeared on the plates. Tube 3 was plated on 5 plates, showing an average of 59 blue colonies and 11 white colonies. Direct Method: No colonies were obtained from the three plates of LB + carb + kan plates. Competent Cell and Percentage Transformation Calculation: The dilution series was prepared from tube 3, as indicated in the materials and methods section. Dilution 2 had a 100 colonies and dilution 3 had 30 colonies. The CFU (colony forming unit) calculations and values are shown below. CFU = (# of colonies) x (dilution factor) / (volume plated) CFU for dilution 2 = 100 x 104/ 0.1 = 10000000 cells/ml CFU for dilution 3 cant be calculated because it doesnt fall between the 30-300 colony limit. Table 2: Percentage transformation of colonies using competent cells (CFU) Plate 1 Plate 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5 Average Percentage Transformation For total colonies (%) (45) 0.0045 (70) 0.007 (101) 0.0101 (68) 0.0068 (66) 0.0066 (70) 0.0070 In order to calculate percentage transformation, calculations from CFU are need. Percentage transformation can be calculated using the total colonies (i.e.. plate 1: 40 blue+5 white =45 total). Percentage Transformation = (Transformed cells per ml /competent cells (CFU) )x 100% So for example for the average of 70 total colonies; =0.007% Discussion: As mentioned in the result section the agarose gel image was inadequate. Lane 2 and 3 in figure 1 represent the pUC18 and pKan plasmids respectively. Clear bands were seen for the pKan plasmid however this is not the case for the pUC18 plasmid. In order for the plasmids to show up, they had to be extracted from their respective E. coli strains(pUC18 (DH5ÃŽÂ ±) and pKan (MM294). The presence of bands on the pKan lane proves that there is actual extraction from the cells. The presence of multiple bands could indicate the presence of multiple size plasmids of pKan. The fact that no bands were seen for pUC18 could be as a consequence of inadequate extraction from the E. coli cells (DH5ÃŽÂ ±). Experimental procedural error could have resulted in this. Both strains of microbes would have been genetically engineered to only contain the plasmid of interest; hence the risk of contamination is reduced. The selection methods for the experiments were divided into indirect (pUC18 selection) and direct selection methods. As mentioned in the materials and method section, cells from tube 1 were streaked on to a plate. The cells were transformed with undigested pUC18 plasmids. The colonies were too many to count and were all blue. The high number of colonies could simply occur because of the stable natural of the undigested pUC18 plasmid. The undigested pUC18 plasmids contain an uninterrupted lacZ gene, capable of producing beta-galactosidase. Beta-galactosidase is hence able to utilize X-gal on the plates and produce the large number of blue colonies. Since the cells were carbenicillin resistance (due to the pUC18 plasmids), they were able to grow on the plates. Cells were transformed with digested pUC18 plasmids from tube 2. Cells from tube 2 formed too few colonies (only 5) when compared to tube 1 (TMTC). This is due to the unstable nature of the digested pUC18 plasmids. These plasmids were digested with HinDIII and BamHI, and it possible that not all of them had an opportunity to re-ligate properly. The restriction enzymes could have cut up the lacZ gene or the carbenicillin (ampicillin) gene making it difficult for the plasmid to come back to its original conformation and survive on the X-gal+carb plate. A large majority of the pUC18 could have been cut in to smaller fragments rendering then inactive. Tube 3 initially contained the digested pUC18 and pKan plasmids. Cells were then transformed with the content of this tube. Since the transformation process is not perfect, there is no way to know what plasmid the cell took up. Hence it can be assumed that cells were transformed with either only the pUC18 plasmids, the pUC18 plasmids with the kanamycin gene, pKan and Puc18 or in some case only the pKan plasmid. Five plates were spread plated with these cells and presence of blue and white colonies were noted. As the results indicate a mixture of both blue and white colonies were obtained with an average of about 59 blue colonies and 11 white colonies. Blue colonies would hypothe tically contain cells (plasmids) with an intact lacZ (producing beta-galactosidase) gene justifying the blue color. The white colonies would have there lacZ gene disturbed (not producing beta-galactosidase), because another piece of DNA would have been inserted into the MCS. However the production of white colonies doesnt dictate the insertion of the kanamycin gene into the pUC18 plasmids. It is highly possible that another gene or DNA fragments from the pKan plasmid got inserted in the pUC18 plasmids. Confirmation of this was performed by streaking white colonies onto a kanamycin plate. The fact that no colonies grew, indicated that the kanamycin gene was in fact not inserted. This proves that the results are false positive because white colonies appeared on the X gal plates, but didnt on the kanamycin plates. This means that the white colonies werent transformed with what we wanted. Finally it is noted that when tube 4 was streaked on to a plate, no growth occurred. This seems log ical as the cells in this tube were only transformed with sterile water, which means no plasmids were present. The cells would not have contained plasmids with the carbenicillin resistance gene, and hence did not survive on the carbenicillin plates. The direct method results were recorded from the LB + carb + kan plates. No growth was observed in any of the plate, which proved to be highly contradictory to our hypothesis. Presence of white colonies on the indirect method plates but none on the direct method plates was suprising. White colonies were assumed to have pUC18 plasmids with both kanamycin and carbenicillin resistance genes. Hence its inability to grow on the carb + kan plates was surprising because white colonies grew on the X-gal plates. However as mentioned earlier it could be possible that another fragment of DNA was inserted into MCS besides the kanamycin gene. The fact that white colonies also didnt appear when they were streaked on to a kanamycin plate, ties in with these results. Both direct and indirect methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Indirect method involves multiple steps and hence in many cases can be time consuming. More plates are involved in the indirect methods, making it difficult to keep track sometimes, also adding to cost. However the indirect method helps to indentify the false positive/false negative results. The indirect selection method helps to make a comparison between the cut and uncut pUC18 plasmids. Comparison of the colonies shows the effect of restriction enzymes of the activity of the pUC18 plasmids. Moreover the indirect method is much more selective. This is because it first shows which colonies have an insertion in the multiple cloning site through the blue/white screening method. Then the plating of these white colonies on to a kanamycin plate helps to confirm that it was a kanamycin resistance gene that was actually inserted (on the MCS). The direct method is very concise involving only one plate, which save b oth time and money. This selection method has no chance of giving false negative/false positive results. The direct selection method selects for cells that have been transformed with pUC18 plasmids, and have a kanamycin resistance gene in their MCS. Since the pUC18 plasmid already has an ampicillin resistance gene (carbenicillin in this case), the insertion of kanamycin resistance gene allows it to survive on a LB+carb+kan plate. A problem comes when the plasmids dont have the necessary gene inserted in their MCS. So in this case for example it could be possible that the plasmid doesnt contain the kanamycin gene so the kanamycin antibody kills it, even though the carbenicillin resistance gene is there. Another technicality comes when a cell transformed contains both pUC18 and pKan at the same time. Because this selection method only selects for cells that have both carbenicillin and kanamycin resistance, it is difficult to tell whether the cell selected has both plasmids (pUC18 and pKan) or only a pUC18 (with the kanamycin gene). Therefore although more time consuming the indirect method is more useful. Some of the experimental errors that occurred could have been due to improper spreading techniques. The process of cell transformation that was used was through heat shock. It could be possible to use other cell transformation technique such as electroporation. In Conclusion it can be said that although the kanamycin gene should have been inserted into the pUC18 plasmid, the results indicate that it wasnt.

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt :: Biographies Presidents American History Essays

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States of America. Roosevelt served longer than any other President did in office. (1933-1945) Franklin was in office for four terms as President. Roosevelt held office during two of the greatest crises in the United States history. These two obstacles are the greatest and most crucial events that our nation has ever faced. First came the Great Depression, which was a stepping stone in Roosevelt's path to the Presidency of the United States. Then came one of the biggest events in the history of the world, which was World War 2. Roosevelt was born at his home, in Hyde Park, New York on January 30, 1882 to James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt at 8:45 p.m. He had weighed 10 pounds at birth. It was a difficult delivery, which nearly killed Roosevelt's mother and himself. When he came out he was unconscious at the time and only the mouth to mouth resuscitation continued to keep him alive. Franklin was named after a great-uncle. Roosevelt lived in Hyde Park in his younger years. During the summers he was taken on trips to Europe with his parents. Also spent time on Campobello Island in New Brunswick. Franklin grew up as a protected child. When a child he was with his parents very frequently. He wore dresses until he was 5 years old. Then there was clad in kilts, then finally at 8 years old he began to wear pants. At the age of 8 he finally was able to take his first unsupervised bath. When he was four he was given his first pony, then when he was 11 he was given his own hunting rifle. At the young age of sixteen he was given a 21' sailboat. You could say he lived an ok childhood. In 1887 his father took Roosevelt to the While House where he meet Grover Cleveland. President Cleveland said to Roosevelt "My little man, I am making a strange wish for you. It is that you. It is that your may never be president of the United States." Roosevelt had a great interest in natural history and was a very involved bird watcher. He loved the outdoors. He had always been outside playing with his servants or a few children that lived in the near area. He had become an expert swimmer and a very good sailor.

Mali Empire and New World Encyclopedia Essay

Timbuktu was established by the Taureg, a nomadic group, in the tenth- eleventh century along the caravan routes that were along the west coast of Africa (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Timbuktu was in a good spot for trade but not for defending against attacks, and Timbuktu was constantly attacked by Taureg raiders (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Timbuktu was never able to grow due to the raids, but Gao, Timbuktu’s neighboring city grew to be the political capital (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As Timbuktu developed and became a city that traded gold, ivory, slaves, and salt Timbuktu became immensely wealthy (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Since Timbuktu was so wealthy it was a target for many European empires seeking wealth (New World Encyclopedia 2007). It started to decline in the 16th century by the Portuguese traders choosing to send the goods upriver instead of down river (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As Timbuktu developed into a more intellectual center in the early 15th century it became known for its religious study of Islam (New World Encyclopedia 2007). While Islam was the main religion of Timbuktu, most of the rural population were non-Muslim traditionalists (New World Encyclopedia 2007). The University of Sankore, also known as the most prominent Islamic institution, was established in 1581 C. E. and taught mostly centered around the Qur’an (New World Encyclopedia 2007). In Timbuktu there were more than 120 library’s in which housed millions of books, and some of which have not been found yet (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As stories of Timbuktu’s wealth reached Europe many explorers journeyed downward into Africa to have their own taste of the wealth (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). As countless European explorers journeyed to Timbuktu and never returned The Geographic Society of Paris offered a reward to whatever explorer that could make it there and 2 back and live to tell the tale (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). The first explorer to reach Timbuktu was Gordon Laing in 1826, but he didn’t make it back alive (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). The first explorer to reach Timbuktu was Rene-Auguste Caillie in 1828, by disguising himself as an Arab traveling in a caravan (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). When Rene returned to Europe he wrote three volumes over how unimpressed he was about the city in that it being a mud-walled city, in the middle of the desert, and not having any gold (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). Although in 1512 when Timbuktu was at its peak and Leo Africanus visited he stated: The rich king of Tombuto hath many plates and sceptres of gold, some whereof weigh 1300 pounds†¦ He hath always 3000 horsemen†¦ (and) a great store of doctors, judges, priests, and other learned men, that are bountifully maintained at the king’s expense. (New World Encyclopedia 2007) Although from Shabeni’s point of view of Timbuktu in 1787 he stated: On the east side of the city of Timbuctoo, there is a large forest, in which are a great many elephants. The timber here is very large. The trees on the outside of the forest are remarkable†¦ they are of such a size that the largest cannot be girded by two men. They bear a kind of berry about the size of a walnut, in clusters consisting of from ten to twenty berries. Shabeeny cannot say what is the extent of this forest, but it is very large. (New World Encyclopedia 2007) In 1591 Timbuktu started to slowly decline due to the Morisco mercenaries armed with guns (New World Encyclopedia 2007). One of the few reasons Timbuktu is still in existence is 3 because it is a major tourist attraction that attracts people from all over the world to see the mystical city (New World Encyclopedia 2007). 4 Alistair Boddy-Evans (2013). Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa. [ONLINE] Available at: http://africanhistory. about. com/od/mali/p/Timbuktu. htm. [Last Accessed September 10 2013]. unknown (2007). Timbuktu. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Timbuktu. [Last Accessed September 10 2013]. unknown (2013). Sankore Madrasah. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sankore_Madrasah. [Last Accessed Sepember 10 2013].

Reflection And Reflection Paper - 1097 Words

Reflection and Application When I started learning the first week of the module, I felt very perplexed when a question was asked about the difference between the leader and the manager (Kotter, 1990). In my initial knowledge, the leader is the manager, both of whom manage the staff. Until I saw a point of view from Kotterman, the fact that my understanding is too shallow. After thinking, I clearly discerned their differences, the leaders focus on inspiring and influencing followers, and on the other hand, managers have the authority to be biased towards monitoring and controlling others (Kotterman, 2006). At the same time, I thought of a part of the restaurant before doing the experience. The manager focused on supervising the staff,†¦show more content†¦After this incident, I am very self-blame and regret, because at that time I did not take into account the feelings of friends when he was tired and not timely understanding, no calm thinking to get a better solution. From this incident, I have a prof ound understanding of my emotional intelligence, and for their confidence in EQ suffered a blow, emotional intelligence is to understand and rational feelings, to help themselves and others control emotions, but I ignored the others Of the emotions (Northouse, 2013). But what makes me equally puzzled is that emotional-sensitive people are effective leaders (Goleman, 1998). My emotions are sensitive, and when I meet my friends, I feel like that, and even though my friend s eyes can feel her emotions (Tee, 2015). This situation gives me hope that as a leader with emotional intelligence because I think this sensitivity is innate, so in the future, I need to try to keep calm in the event of trouble, thinking to others of the feelings, and then make a careful decision. Evans, Bass, and Winter, (1970) pointed out that in emergencies, leaders need to take into account the followers goals. 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